View source for Channelisation / cross section alteration

=Channelisation / cross section alteration=
04. Morphological alterations
==General description==

Channelization refers to river and stream channel engineering undertaken for the
purposes of flood control, navigation, drainage improvement, and reduction of channel
migration potential (<ref>Brookes, A., 1990. Restoration and enhancement of engineered river channels: Some european experiences. River Research & Applications 5: 45–56.</ref>). When channelization involves cross section
alteration, this includes activities such as channel enlargement through widening or
deepening, the reduction of flow resistance through clearing or snagging of riparian,
and sometimes aquatic, vegetation and other roughness elements, and the
introduction of bank facing and reinforcement materials. These forms of morphological
modification typically transform channel cross profiles into uniform, smooth,
trapezoidal or rectangular forms.
Cross section alteration can also include embankment, levee or dike construction,
which further enlarge the channel capacity, prevent channel-floodplain connectivity,
and can induce very high flow velocities within the river channel during floods.

==Effect/Impact on (including literature citations)==
*HYMO (general and specified per HYMO element)
*physico - chemical parameters
*Biota (general and specified per Biological quality elements)
==Case studies where this pressure is present==
<Forecasterlink type="getProjectsForPressures" code="P13" />
==Possible restoration, rehabilitation and mitigation measures==
<Forecasterlink type="getMeasuresForPressures" code="P13" />
==Useful references==
==Other relevant information==

[[Category:Pressures]][[Category:04. Morphological alterations]]