View source for Polish Glossary

English to Polish glossary.
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| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''English'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Polish'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Explanation'''
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| Alluvial deposits||Osady (odkłady) fluwialne||Sediments deposited by modern rivers and streams
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| Alluvial river||Rzeka na osadach fluwialnych (Rzeka aluwialna)||River with a bed consisting of sediments deposited by this river and still actively remolded by erosion and sedimentation
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| Alluvium||Podłoże osady fluwialne (Aluwia)||Sediment deposits
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| Anabranched river||Rzeka wieloramieniowa||River consisting of a network of channels separated by large islands that are usually vegetated
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| Anadromous||Anadromiczne||Adjective indicating fish that spawn in fresh water after spending most of their lives and becoming mature in the sea. See also 
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| Aquifer||Zbiornik wód podziemnych||Water-bearing layer of porous subsurface material that can yield usable quantities of water
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| Backswamps||Bagna||Wetlands in the lowest areas of the valley floor away from the main channel, storing fine-grained suspended-load sediments
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| Backwater effect||Cofka||Influence from downstream conditions on water levels and flow velocities
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| Bank||Brzeg||Lateral channel boundary
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| Bankfull discharge||Woda brzegowa (Przepływ pełnokorytowy)||Discharge at which water levels reach the top of the river banks
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| Bar||Odsypisko||Submerged or emerged bedform of sand, gravel, or other unconsolidated material, built in shallow water and much longer than the water depth
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| Base flow||Przepływ bazowy (odpływ gruntowy)||Sustained low flow in a stream, mostly fed by groundwater discharge
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| Bathymetry||Batymetria||Spatial distribution of water depths below an agreed plane of reference water levels. As this plane has a slope in rivers, bathymetry should not be confused with 
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| Bed level||Poziom dna||Elevation of bottom of river or stream above a horizontal datum
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| Bedload||Rumowisko wleczone||Sediment transported by rolling, sliding or jumping over the bed
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| Bed-material load||Rumowisko denne||Transport of sediment that is also found in the river bed. It can be transported as both  and 
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| Bedrock||Wychodnia skalna||Consolidated subsurface material that underlies soils or other unconsolidated material
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| Bed shear stress||Naprężenia styczne||Tangential forces per unit bed area exerted by the flow on the river bed, as a measure of flow strength. See also  and 
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| Bed topography||Topografia dna||Spatial distribution of bed elevations with respect to a horizontal datum, not to be confused with 
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| Bench||Ława||Sediment deposition unit along a bank face. Also 
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| Benthic||Bental (strefa denna)||Living at or in the bottom of a fresh or salty body of water. Opposed to 
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| Benthos||Bentos||Plants and animals that live in, on or attached to the bottom of water bodies
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| Berm||Nasyp||Sediment deposition unit along a bank face. Also 
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| Biogeographical region||Region biogeograficzny||Relatively large area that contains characteristic assemblages of natural communities and species that are the product of broad environmental influences and common evolutionary and immigration history. See 
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| Bivalve||Małże||A mollusk with two shells, for instance a clam or a mussel
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| Boulders||Głazy||Rock fragments larger than 200 mm in diameter
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| Braided river||Rzeka roztokowa||River consisting of a network of smaller channels separated by small and often temporary non-vegetated islands called braid bars
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| Buffer strip||Strefa buforowa (strefa ekotonowa)||Vegetation along a stream left intact after logging or land clearing, preventing fine sediment from entering into the stream
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| Cascade||Kaskada||Stream bed covered with disorganized boulders in steep confined channels
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| Catadromous||Katadromiczne (wielośrodowiskowe)||Adjective indicating fish that spawn in the open sea after spending their lives and becoming mature in fresh water. See also 
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| Catchment||Zlewnia||Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also  or . Catchment is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms
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| Chute channel||Bystrze||Channel across a bar or floodplain, shortcutting the flow in the main channel
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| Clay||Ił||Mineral soil particle smaller than 0.002 mm in diameter
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| Cobbles||Kamienie||Rock fragments between 63 mm and 200 mm in diameter
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| Crenal||Rejon źródła (Strefa żródliskowa)||Zone of stream source in longitudinal habitat zonation, also . See also  and 
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| Crevasse||szczelina||Breach in natural levee
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| Crevasse splay||?||Local accumulation of sand or gravel, deposited by water escaping from the channel through a 
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| Crossing||Przejazd||Relatively shallow zone between two consecutive bends in navigable rivers. Also 
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| Cross-over||Przekroczenie rzeki (doliny)||Relatively shallow zone between two consecutive bends in navigable rivers. Also 
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| Crustacean||Skorupiaki||Invertebrate animal (without backbone) with a hard exoskeleton (external support or protection of the body) and at least five pairs of jointed legs on the thorax
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| Current||Prąd||Movement of water in a water body
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| Datum||Geodezyjny układ odniesienia (Wysokość npm)||Reference elevation level, for instance mean sea level
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| Degradation||Rozmycie||In hydromorphology: Lowering of bed elevation by erosion or removal of sediment. In ecology: Damaged condition of habitat
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| Discharge||Wydatek (Przepływ)||Volume of water that flows through a section per unit of time
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| Drainage basin||Zlewnia||Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also  or .  is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms
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| Dune||Wydma||Bedform with a height in the order of tens of percent of the water depth. Two-dimensional dunes have long crests perpendicular to the flow. Three-dimensional dunes have short crests.
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| Ecoregion||Ekoregion||See  and .
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| Emergent plant||Roślina wynurzona||Plant rooted in shallow water with much of the stem and most of the leaves above the water
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| Eurytopic||Eurotypowe||Adjective for aquatic species that tolerate both stagnant and flowing water conditions. See also  and 
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| Floodplain||Równina zalewowa (dolina)||Land bordering a river or a stream, built up of sediments from overbank flows and subject to inundation at floods
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| Flow resistance||Opory ruchu||Forces opposing the discharge of water. A low flow resistance implies high flow velocities and small water depths. A high flow resistance implies low flow velocities and high water depths.
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| Flow velocity||Prędkość||Distance travelled by flowing water per unit time, as a measure of flow strength. See also  and 
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| Geomorphic unit||Jednostka geomorfologiczna||Area containing a landform created by erosion or deposition inside or outside the river channel. Also ,  or . Geomorphic unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms
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| Glide||Płań||Zone of relatively shallow flow as an intermediate feature between shallower riffles and deeper pools, similar to the somewhat steeper 
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| Gravel||Żwir||Rock fragments between 2 and 63 mm in diameter
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| Habitat||Siedlisko||Place where a particular species or life stage lives and grows. Essentially, it is the (mostly physical) environment that surrounds a species population or age group
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| Hydraulic roughness||Szorstkość hydrauliczna||Parameter governing 
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| Hydraulic unit||Jednostka hydrauliczna||Spatially distinct patch of relatively homogeneous surface-flow and substrate character. Hydraulic unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms
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| Impoundment||Piętrzenie||Structure built to maintain a desired water level
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| Infauna||Bentos||Benthic animals that burrow into the substrate
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| Invertebrates||Bezkręgowce||Animals without a backbone
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| Island||Wyspa||Landform surrounded by areas of the channel bed and emerged at bankfull stage
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| Krenal||Krenal (Strefa źródliskowa)||Zone of stream source in longitudinal habitat zonation, also . See also  and 
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| Landscape unit||Jednostka krajobrazowa||Portion of a catchment with similar landscape morphological characteristics. Also physiographic unit. Landscape unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms
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| Levee||Grobla, wał przeciwpowodziowy||See . Levee can also refer to a man-made dike along the Loire river in France or along North-American rivers that belonged to French Louisiana between 1682 and 1803, such as the Mississippi river
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| Limnetic||Limniczny||Related to the environment of lakes and ponds. Adjective for aquatic macroinvertebrates that prefer standing water
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| Limnophilic||Limnofilne||Adjective for aquatic species that prefer stagnant water. See also  and 
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| Lotic||Stagnofilne (Lotyczny)||Related to fast-moving water, such as in most streams and rivers
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| Macroinvertebrates||Makrobezkręgowce (Makrobentos)||Animals without backbones (“invertebrates”) that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye (“macro”, larger than 0.5 mm)
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| Macrophyte||Makrofity||All aquatic higher plants, mosses and characean algae, but excluding single-celled phytoplankton and diatoms
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| Macrozoobenthos||Makrobentos (Zoobentos)||Aquatic macroinvertebrates living at or in the bottom
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| Meandering river||Rzeka meandrująca||River with a single channel and a  larger than 1.5
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| Measure||Miara||See  and 
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| Mesohabitat||Mesohabitat||Spatially distinct patch of relatively homogeneous  patches serving species or life stages as . See 
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| Microhabitat||Microhabitat||Spatially distinct patch of uniform substrate, plant cover or physical structure which is relevant for species, e.g. as spawning or feeding substrate
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| Mitigation measure||Działania mitygacyjne (łagodzenia skutków)||Activity to reduce the impact of a pressure
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| Mollusks||Mięczaki||Unsegmented invertebrate animals (without a backbone) that possess an external or vestigial calcium carbonate shell
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| Morphological unit||Jednostka morfologiczna||See 
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| Mud||Muł, błoto||Loose slushy fine sediment consisting of clay, silt, fine sand, and organic material. Often water-formed and deposited on the bottom of lakes, rivers and estuaries
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| Natural levee||Naturalna grobla||Elevated feature along river channel, composed of sediments deposited by overbank flows leaving the main channel
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| Oxbow lake||Starorzecze||Lake formed when a river meander is cut off from the main channel
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| Pebble||Otoczaki||Gravel particle
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| Pelagic||Pelagiczny||Living and feeding in the water column. Opposed to 
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| Physiographic unit||Jednostka podziału fizjograficznego||See 
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| Phytoplankton||Fitoplankton||Microscopic plants that float or drift almost passively in water
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| Point bar||Odsypisko punktowe||Bar along the inner bank of a river bend
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| Pool||Ploso||Relatively deep, still section in a river or stream. Pools alternate with  or  in gravel-bed rivers and with  or  in navigable rivers
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| Potamal||Potamal (Strefa rzeki)||Zone of lowland rivers in longitudinal habitat zonation. See also  or  and 
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| Pothole||Kociołek||Deep circular hole scoured in bedrock as a result of abrasion by transported particles trapped in the hole
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| Pressure||Presja||In hydromorphology: Force per unit area exerted on a surface by the weight of the water above that surface. In the Water Framework Directive: Direct environmental effect of a driver such as agriculture, industry, hydropower generation or navigation
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| Rapids||Rafa||Stream bed with boulders organized in irregular transverse lines (ribs), in steep confined channels
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| Reach||Odcinek||Section of river along which boundary conditions are sufficiently uniform for the river to maintain a near-constant internal set of process-form interactions. Reach is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms
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| Region||Region||Relatively large area underleying similar broad influences of climate, relief, tectonic processes, etc. Also  or . Region is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms. It typically contains characteristic assemblages of natural communities and species.
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| Restoration measure||Działania renaturyzacyjne||Activity to improve the status of degraded waters, be it by improving water quality or by changing hydromorphological conditions
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| Rheophilic||Reofilny||Adjective for aquatic species that prefer flowing waters. See also  and 
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| Rhithral||Ritral (Strefa strumienia)||Zone of streams in longitudinal habitat zonation, identical to the zone of trout and grayling. See also  or  and 
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| Ridge||Grzebiet||Old  incorporated in the floodplain as the channel migrated away
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| Riffle||Bystrze||Zone of relatively shallow and rapid flow in gravel-bed rivers
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| Riparian||Przybrzeżny||Related to zone adjacent to a stream or river with a high density, diversity, and productivity of plant and animal species compared to nearby uplands
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| Ripple||Zmarszczka||Small bedform of a few centimetres high, with a long crest perpendicular to the flow
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| River element||Element rzeczny||Part of river environment including individuals and patches of sediment, plants, wood, etc. Also . River element is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms.
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| River sector||Sektor||See 
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| River segment||Segment||Section of river subject to similar valley-scale influences and energy conditions. Also river sector. River segment is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms
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| Run||Rynna||Zone of relatively shallow flow as an intermediate feature between shallower riffles and deeper pools, similar to the somewhat flatter 
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| Sand||Piasek||Mineral soil particle between 0.063 mm and 2.0 mm in diameter
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| Scour||Wybój||Local removal of sediment from the stream bed by flowing water
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| Scroll bar||Odyspisko brzegowe||Elongated raised feature on top of a 
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| Sediment||Rumowisko||Solid matter eroded, transported or deposited in rivers
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| Sediment yield||Wydatek rumowiska||Amount of sediment eroded per unit land area in a river catchment
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| Silt||Pył||Mineral soil particle between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm in diameter
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| Sinuosity||Krętość||Ratio between the distance measured along the channel and the distance measured in the direction of the overall planimetric course or meander belt axis
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| Specific stream power||Jednostkowa siła poruszająca|| per unit channel width, as a measure of flow strength
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| Step||Próg||Steep accumulation of boulders and cobbles across a channel, generally with a pool downstream that is scoured by flow plunging over the step
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| Stream power||Siła poruszająca||Rate of energy dissipation per unit downstream length, as a measure of flow strength. See also  and 
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| Stressor||Stresor||Pressure in the sense of a direct environmental effect of a driver
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| Subreach||Pododcinek||See 
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| Suspended load||Rumowisko unoszone||Sediment transported in the water column, kept from settling by upward turbulent motions of the water. It can consist of both  and 
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| Swale||Fala||Depression between adjacent  that are old 
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| Terrace||Taras, Terasa||Abandoned inactive floodplain perched above contemporary channel and floodplain
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| Thalweg||Dno koryta rzecznego (najgłębszy punkt)||Line connecting the deepest points of consecutive cross-sections
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| Thread||Odnoga||Channel in river typologies. A single-thread river has only one channel in each cross-section. A multiple-thread has more than one channel in each cross-section
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| Wandering river||Rzeka zmieniająca koryto||River with a single channel that locally splits into two channels, as a transitional form between meandering rivers and braided rivers
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| Washload||Rumowisko zmywane||Sediments much finer than those in the river bed, transported without dependence on flow strength
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| Water body||Część wód||Distinct and significant volume of water
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| Water depth||Głębokość wody||Height of water column. Elevation difference between water level and bed level
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| Water level||Stan wody||Elevation of water surface above a horizontal datum
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| Watershed||Zlewnia (Wododział)||Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also  or .  is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms
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