1D analytical models for gradually-varied flow
From REFORM wiki
1D analytical models for gradually-varied flow
Type
Hydromorphological models
Basic principles
Fundamental equations for conservation of water mass and water flow momentum under the assumption of steady flow, spatially averaged over cross-section segments and time-averaged over all turbulent fluctuations.
Outputs
Flow velocities, water depths, water levels, flow shear stresses.
Rivertypes
Related Pressures
- Surface water abstraction
- Groundwater abstractions
- Hydropeaking
- Sediment discharge from dredging
- Reservoir flushing
- Hydrological regime modification
- Interbasin flow transfers
- Discharge diversions and returns
- Colinear connected reservoir
- Artificial barriers downstream from the site
- Artificial barriers upstream from the site
- Alteration of instream habitat
- Sand and gravel extraction
- Sedimentation and sediment input
- Embankments, levees or dikes
- Loss of vertical connectivity
- Impoundment
- Alteration of riparian vegetation
- Channelisation / cross section alteration
- Other pressures
Related Measures
- Improve/Create water storage
- Reduce water consumption
- Increase minimum flows
- Recycle used water
- Improve water retention
- Reduce surface water abstraction with return
- Water diversion and transfer
- Reduce surface water abstraction without return
- Reduce groundwater extraction
- Reduce anthropogenic flow peaks
- Modify hydropeaking
- Shorten the length of impounded reaches
- Increase flood frequency and duration in riparian zones or floodplains
- Favour morphogenic flows
- Link flood reduction with ecological restoration
- Ensure minimum flows
- Manage aquatic vegetation
- Establish environmental flows / naturalise flow regimes
- Facilitate downstream migration
- Manage sluice and weir operation for fish migration
- Remove barrier
- Install fish pass/bypass/side channel for upstream migration
- Modify culverts, syphons, piped streams
- Fish-friendly turbines and pumping stations
Useful references
Selected software systems
Theoretical background
Chow V.T. (1959), Open-channel hydraulics. McGraw-Hill, New York. Henderson, F.M. (1966), Open channel flow. Macmillan, New York.
