Difference between revisions of "DutchGlossary"

| Alluviale afzettingen||Alluvial deposits||Sediments deposited by modern rivers and streams

| Alluviale rivier||Alluvial river||River with a bed consisting of sediments deposited by this river and still actively remolded by erosion and sedimentation

| Vertakte rivier||Anabranched river||River consisting of a network of channels separated by large islands that are usually vegetated

| Anadroom||Anadromous||Adjective indicating fish that spawn in fresh water after spending most of their lives and becoming mature in the sea. See also  

| Kommen, Moerassen achter oeverwallen||Backswamps||Wetlands in the lowest areas of the valley floor away from the main channel, storing fine-grained suspended-load sediments

| Stuweffect||Backwater effect||Influence from downstream conditions on water levels and flow velocities

| Oever||Bank||Lateral channel boundary

| Geulvullende afvoer, Zomerbedvullende afvoer||Bankfull discharge||Discharge at which water levels reach the top of the river banks

| Bank||Bar||Submerged or emerged bedform of sand, gravel, or other unconsolidated material, built in shallow water and much longer than the water depth

| Basisafvoer||Base flow||Sustained low flow in a stream, mostly fed by groundwater discharge

| Bathymetrie||Bathymetry||Spatial distribution of water depths below an agreed plane of reference water levels. As this plane has a slope in rivers, bathymetry should not be confused with  

| Bodemhoogte||Bed level||Elevation of bottom of river or stream above a horizontal datum

| Bodemtransport||Bedload||Sediment transported by rolling, sliding or jumping over the bed

| Transport van bodemmateriaal||Bed-material load||Transport of sediment that is also found in the river bed. It can be transported as both  and  

| Vast gesteente||Bedrock||Consolidated subsurface material that underlies soils or other unconsolidated material

| Bodemschuifspanning||Bed shear stress||Tangential forces per unit bed area exerted by the flow on the river bed, as a measure of flow strength. See also  and  

| Bodemtopografie||Bed topography||Spatial distribution of bed elevations with respect to a horizontal datum, not to be confused with  

| Oeverbank||Bench||Sediment deposition unit along a bank face. Also  

| Benthisch||Benthic||Living at or in the bottom of a fresh or salty body of water. Opposed to  

| Oeverbank||Berm||Sediment deposition unit along a bank face. Also  

| Biogeografische regio||Biogeographical region||Relatively large area that contains characteristic assemblages of natural communities and species that are the product of broad environmental influences and common evolutionary and immigration history. See  

| Keien, Rotsblokken||Boulders||Rock fragments larger than 200 mm in diameter

| Vlechtende rivier||Braided river||River consisting of a network of smaller channels separated by small and often temporary non-vegetated islands called braid bars

| Bufferstrook||Buffer strip||Vegetation along a stream left intact after logging or land clearing, preventing fine sediment from entering into the stream

| Katadroom||Catadromous||Adjective indicating fish that spawn in the open sea after spending their lives and becoming mature in fresh water. See also  

| Stroomgebied||Catchment||Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also  or . Catchment is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms

| Kortsluitgeul door kronkelwaard||Chute channel||Channel across a bar or floodplain, shortcutting the flow in the main channel

| Lutum (grain size), Klei (soil type)||Clay||Mineral soil particle smaller than 0.002 mm in diameter

| Stenen, Keien||Cobbles||Rock fragments between 63 mm and 200 mm in diameter

| Krenal||Crenal||Zone of stream source in longitudinal habitat zonation, also . See also  and  

| Breuk in oeverwal, Crevasse||Crevasse||Breach in natural levee

| Crevasse-afzetting||Crevasse splay||Local accumulation of sand or gravel, deposited by water escaping from the channel through a  

| Bochtovergang||Crossing||Relatively shallow zone between two consecutive bends in navigable rivers. Also  

| Bochtovergang||Cross-over||Relatively shallow zone between two consecutive bends in navigable rivers. Also  

| Schaaldier||Crustacean||Invertebrate animal (without backbone) with a hard exoskeleton (external support or protection of the body) and at least five pairs of jointed legs on the thorax

| Stroming||Current||Movement of water in a water body

| Referentievlak||Datum||Reference elevation level, for instance mean sea level

| Degradatie||Degradation||In hydromorphology: Lowering of bed elevation by erosion or removal of sediment. In ecology: Damaged condition of habitat

| Afvoer, Debiet||Discharge||Volume of water that flows through a section per unit of time

| Stroomgebied||Drainage basin||Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also  or .  is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms

| Duin||Dune||Bedform with a height in the order of tens of percent of the water depth. Two-dimensional dunes have long crests perpendicular to the flow. Three-dimensional dunes have short crests.

| Ecoregio||Ecoregion||See  and .

| Moerasplant, Ondiepwaterplant||Emergent plant||Plant rooted in shallow water with much of the stem and most of the leaves above the water

| Eurytoop, Niet kieskeurig||Eurytopic||Adjective for aquatic species that tolerate both stagnant and flowing water conditions. See also  and  

| Uiterwaard, Overstromingsgebied||Floodplain||Land bordering a river or a stream, built up of sediments from overbank flows and subject to inundation at floods

| Stromingsweerstand||Flow resistance||Forces opposing the discharge of water. A low flow resistance implies high flow velocities and small water depths. A high flow resistance implies low flow velocities and high water depths.

| Stroomsnelheid||Flow velocity||Distance travelled by flowing water per unit time, as a measure of flow strength. See also  and  

| Geomorfologische eenheid||Geomorphic unit||Area containing a landform created by erosion or deposition inside or outside the river channel. Also ,  or . Geomorphic unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms

| Glijbaan, Glide||Glide||Zone of relatively shallow flow as an intermediate feature between shallower riffles and deeper pools, similar to the somewhat steeper  

| Grind||Gravel||Rock fragments between 2 and 63 mm in diameter

| Hydraulische ruwheid||Hydraulic roughness||Parameter governing  

| Hydraulische eenheid||Hydraulic unit||Spatially distinct patch of relatively homogeneous surface-flow and substrate character. Hydraulic unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms

| Afdamming, Opstuwing||Impoundment||Structure built to maintain a desired water level

| Invertebraten||Invertebrates||Animals without a backbone

| Eiland||Island||Landform surrounded by areas of the channel bed and emerged at bankfull stage

| Landschapseenheid||Landscape unit||Portion of a catchment with similar landscape morphological characteristics. Also physiographic unit. Landscape unit is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms

| Dijk, Kade||Levee||See . Levee can also refer to a man-made dike along the Loire river in France or along North-American rivers that belonged to French Louisiana between 1682 and 1803, such as the Mississippi river

| Limnetisch||Limnetic||Related to the environment of lakes and ponds. Adjective for aquatic macroinvertebrates that prefer standing water

| Limnofiel, Plantminnend||Limnophilic||Adjective for aquatic species that prefer stagnant water. See also  and  

| Lotisch||Lotic||Related to fast-moving water, such as in most streams and rivers

| Macroinvertebraten||Macroinvertebrates||Animals without backbones (“invertebrates”) that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye (“macro”, larger than 0.5 mm)

| Macrofyt||Macrophyte||All aquatic higher plants, mosses and characean algae, but excluding single-celled phytoplankton and diatoms

| Meanderende rivier||Meandering river||River with a single channel and a  larger than 1.5

| Maatregel||Measure||See  and  

| Mitigerende maatregel||Mitigation measure||Activity to reduce the impact of a pressure

| Weekdieren||Mollusks||Unsegmented invertebrate animals (without a backbone) that possess an external or vestigial calcium carbonate shell

| Morfologische eenheid||Morphological unit||See  

| Slib, Modder||Mud||Loose slushy fine sediment consisting of clay, silt, fine sand, and organic material. Often water-formed and deposited on the bottom of lakes, rivers and estuaries

| Oeverwal||Natural levee||Elevated feature along river channel, composed of sediments deposited by overbank flows leaving the main channel

| Hoefijzermeer||Oxbow lake||Lake formed when a river meander is cut off from the main channel

| Grindsteen, kiezelsteen||Pebble||Gravel particle

| Pelagisch||Pelagic||Living and feeding in the water column. Opposed to  

| Fysiografische eenheid||Physiographic unit||See  

| Fytoplankton||Phytoplankton||Microscopic plants that float or drift almost passively in water

| Kronkelwaard, Kronkelwaardbank, Ondiepe binnenbocht||Point bar||Bar along the inner bank of a river bend

| Diep deel van rivier||Pool||Relatively deep, still section in a river or stream. Pools alternate with  or  in gravel-bed rivers and with  or  in navigable rivers

| Kolkgat||Pothole||Deep circular hole scoured in bedrock as a result of abrasion by transported particles trapped in the hole

| Druk||Pressure||In hydromorphology: Force per unit area exerted on a surface by the weight of the water above that surface. In the Water Framework Directive: Direct environmental effect of a driver such as agriculture, industry, hydropower generation or navigation

| Stroomversnellingen||Rapids||Stream bed with boulders organized in irregular transverse lines (ribs), in steep confined channels

| Traject||Reach||Section of river along which boundary conditions are sufficiently uniform for the river to maintain a near-constant internal set of process-form interactions. Reach is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms

| Regio||Region||Relatively large area underleying similar broad influences of climate, relief, tectonic processes, etc. Also  or . Region is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms. It typically contains characteristic assemblages of natural communities and species.

| Herstelmaatregel||Restoration measure||Activity to improve the status of degraded waters, be it by improving water quality or by changing hydromorphological conditions

| Rheofiel, Stroomminnend||Rheophilic||Adjective for aquatic species that prefer flowing waters. See also  and  

| Sikkelvormige rug in kronkelwaard||Ridge||Old  incorporated in the floodplain as the channel migrated away

| Dwarsbank, Riffle||Riffle||Zone of relatively shallow and rapid flow in gravel-bed rivers

| In de oeverzone||Riparian||Related to zone adjacent to a stream or river with a high density, diversity, and productivity of plant and animal species compared to nearby uplands

| Ribbel||Ripple||Small bedform of a few centimetres high, with a long crest perpendicular to the flow

| Rivierelement||River element||Part of river environment including individuals and patches of sediment, plants, wood, etc. Also . River element is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms.

| Riviersector||River sector||See  

| Riviersegment||River segment||Section of river subject to similar valley-scale influences and energy conditions. Also river sector. River segment is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms

| Zand||Sand||Mineral soil particle between 0.063 mm and 2.0 mm in diameter

| Ontgronding, Uitschuring||Scour||Local removal of sediment from the stream bed by flowing water

| Sikkelvormige rug in kronkelwaard||Scroll bar||Elongated raised feature on top of a  

| Sedimentproductie||Sediment yield||Amount of sediment eroded per unit land area in a river catchment

| Silt, Meelzand||Silt||Mineral soil particle between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm in diameter

| Kronkelfactor, Sinuositeit||Sinuosity||Ratio between the distance measured along the channel and the distance measured in the direction of the overall planimetric course or meander belt axis

| Specifiek stroomvermogen||Specific stream power|| per unit channel width, as a measure of flow strength

| Stap||Step||Steep accumulation of boulders and cobbles across a channel, generally with a pool downstream that is scoured by flow plunging over the step

| Stroomvermogen||Stream power||Rate of energy dissipation per unit downstream length, as a measure of flow strength. See also  and  

| Subtraject||Subreach||See  

| Zwevend transport||Suspended load||Sediment transported in the water column, kept from settling by upward turbulent motions of the water. It can consist of both  and  

| Sikkelvormige laagte in kronkelwaard||Swale||Depression between adjacent  that are old  

| Terras||Terrace||Abandoned inactive floodplain perched above contemporary channel and floodplain

| Stroomdraad||Thread||Channel in river typologies. A single-thread river has only one channel in each cross-section. A multiple-thread has more than one channel in each cross-section

| Rivier met plaatselijk meer dan een geul||Wandering river||River with a single channel that locally splits into two channels, as a transitional form between meandering rivers and braided rivers

| Spoeltransport||Washload||Sediments much finer than those in the river bed, transported without dependence on flow strength

| Waterlichaam||Water body||Distinct and significant volume of water

| Waterdiepte||Water depth||Height of water column. Elevation difference between water level and bed level

| Waterstand, Niveau van de waterspiegel||Water level||Elevation of water surface above a horizontal datum

| Stroomgebied||Watershed||Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. Also  or .  is a spatial unit within the multi-scale  of hydromorphological processes and forms