Sand and gravel extraction
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Contents
Sand and gravel extraction
04. Morphological alterations
General description
Sand and gravel are crucial resources for economic development activities, such as road building and concrete production. As a result, sand and gravel mining is a major economic activity that is often carried out within river channels and floodplains. Because annual extraction rates often greatly exceed fluvial transport, these activities lead to river bed incision, disconnection of the river from its floodplain, depression of water table levels in the alluvial aquifer, and sometimes a complete change in channel style, for example from braiding to single thread planforms.
Effect/Impact on (including literature citations)
- HYMO (general and specified per HYMO element)
- physico - chemical parameters
- Biota (general and specified per Biological quality elements)
Case studies where this pressure is present
- Millingerwaard
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen_-_Living_Rhine_floodplain_near_Karlsruhe_(LIFE04_NAT/DE/000025
- Conservation_of_Atlantic_Salmon_in_Scotland_(LIFE_04/NAT/GB/000250)
- Klebach_-_Side_channel
- Bouxweerd
- Blenheim_Palace_Project
- River_Wensum_Rehabilitation_Project
- Asseltse_Plassen_-_Bank_erosion
- Vreugderijkerwaard_-_Side_channel
- Rijkelse_Beemden_-_River_bed_widening
- Zújar.
- Buiten_Ooij_-_Sluice_operation_
- Improvement_of_aquatic_habitat_of_Segre_River__at_Alòs_de_Balaguer
- Karlsruhe_–_Living_Rhine_floodplain_near_Karlsruhe_(LIFE04_NAT/DE/000025)
- IJssel
- River_Rhine_-_IJsseluiterwaarden_Olst
- Rhine_-_Meinerswijk
- Rhine_-_Nebenrinne_Bislich-Vahnum_(LIFE08_NAT/D/000007)
- Rhine_-_Emmericher_Ward_(LIFE10_NAT/DE/000010)
- Lower_Traun
- Drava_-_Kleblach
- Enns_-_Aich
Possible restoration, rehabilitation and mitigation measures
- Improve continuity of sediment transport
- Add sediments
- Reduce impact of dredging
- Reduce undesired sediment input
- Reduce erosion
